{"id":18193,"date":"2015-07-19T19:18:36","date_gmt":"2015-07-19T19:18:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/?p=18193"},"modified":"2015-07-19T19:20:38","modified_gmt":"2015-07-19T19:20:38","slug":"bill-cosby","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/?p=18193","title":{"rendered":"Bill Cosby Admits Drugging Woman For Sex"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"story-heading\" class=\"story-heading\">Bill Cosby, in Deposition, Said Drugs and Fame Helped Him Seduce Women<\/h1>\n<p><span class=\"byline\">By <span class=\"byline-author\" data-byline-name=\"GRAHAM BOWLEY\" data-twitter-handle=\"Graham_Bowley\">GRAHAM BOWLEY<\/span> and <\/span><span class=\"byline\"><span class=\"byline-author\" data-byline-name=\"SYDNEY EMBER\">SYDNEY EMBER<\/span><a title=\"More Articles by SYDNEY EMBER\" href=\"http:\/\/topics.nytimes.com\/top\/reference\/timestopics\/people\/e\/sydney_ember\/index.html\" rel=\"author\"><span class=\"byline-author\" data-byline-name=\"SYDNEY EMBER\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/a><\/span>The New York Times<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_18194\" style=\"width: 685px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/19cosby3-master675.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18194\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18194\" src=\"https:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/19cosby3-master675.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Cosby in 2014. Credit Evan Vucci\/Associated Press\" width=\"675\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/19cosby3-master675.jpg 675w, https:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/19cosby3-master675-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 675px) 100vw, 675px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-18194\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Cosby in 2014. Credit Evan Vucci\/Associated Press<\/p><\/div>\n<p id=\"story-continues-1\" class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"287\" data-total-count=\"287\">He was not above seducing a young model by showing interest in her father\u2019s cancer. He promised other women his mentorship and career advice before pushing them for sex acts. And he tried to use financial sleight of hand to keep his wife from finding out about his serial philandering.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"245\" data-total-count=\"532\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/07\/09\/business\/media\/cosby-legal-and-publicity-teams-opt-for-silence-after-admission-is-released.html\">Bill Cosby<\/a> admitted to all of this and more over four days of intense questioning 10 years ago at a Philadelphia hotel, where he defended himself in a deposition for a lawsuit filed by a young woman who accused him of drugging and molesting her.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"379\" data-total-count=\"911\">Even as Mr. Cosby denied he was a sexual predator who assaulted many women, he presented himself in the deposition as an unapologetic, cavalier playboy, someone who used a combination of fame, apparent concern and powerful sedatives in a calculated pursuit of young women \u2014 a profile at odds with the popular image he so long enjoyed, that of father figure and public moralist.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"379\" data-total-count=\"911\">He talked of the 19-year-old aspiring model who sent him her poem and ended up on his sofa, where, Mr. Cosby said, she pleasured him with lotion.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"marginalia related-coverage-marginalia nocontent robots-nocontent\" data-marginalia-type=\"sprinkled\">\n<div class=\"nocontent robots-nocontent\"><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"marginalia related-coverage-marginalia nocontent robots-nocontent\" data-marginalia-type=\"sprinkled\"><\/aside>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"142\" data-total-count=\"1481\">He spoke with casual disregard about ending a relationship with another model so he could pursue other women. \u201cMoving on,\u201d was his phrase.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"93\" data-total-count=\"1574\">He suggested he was skilled in picking up the nonverbal cues that signal a woman\u2019s consent.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"145\" data-total-count=\"1719\">\u201cI think I\u2019m a pretty decent reader of people and their emotions in these romantic sexual things, whatever you want to call them,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"66\" data-total-count=\"1785\">Through it all, his manner was largely one of casual indifference.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"242\" data-total-count=\"2027\">At one point in the first day of questioning, Dolores M. Troiani, the lawyer for the plaintiff in the case, Andrea Constand, a young woman who worked at Temple University as a basketball manager, seemed struck by Mr. Cosby\u2019s jocular manner.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"131\" data-total-count=\"2158\">\u201cI think you\u2019re making light of a very serious situation,\u201d she said, to which Mr. Cosby replied: \u201cThat may very well be.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"326\" data-total-count=\"2484\">Interest in Mr. Cosby\u2019s deposition grew this month when a federal judge<a title=\"About the court record.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/07\/08\/business\/bill-cosby-said-in-2005-he-obtained-drugs-to-give-to-women.html\">unsealed<\/a> a 62-page memorandum of law in the case, which had been settled in 2006. The memorandum contained excerpts from the deposition, including Mr. Cosby\u2019s acknowledgment that he had obtained quaaludes as part of his effort to have sex with women.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"466\" data-total-count=\"2950\">The parties have been prohibited from releasing the memorandum because of a confidentiality clause that was part of the settlement agreement, but the deposition itself was never sealed. This month, Ms. Constand\u2019s lawyer asked the court to lift the confidentiality clause so her client would be free to release the nearly 1,000-page deposition transcript. The Times later learned that the transcript was already publicly available through a court reporting service.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"482\" data-total-count=\"3432\">Mr. Cosby has never been charged with a crime and has repeatedly denied the accusations of sexual assault, now leveled by dozens of women. David Brokaw, Mr. Cosby\u2019s publicist, did not respond to requests for comment on Saturday. Ms. Troiani declined to comment. In three suits, women who accused Mr. Cosby of sexual misconduct are pursuing civil claims against him. In addition, the Los Angeles police have said they are reviewing a complaint of a sexual nature against Mr. Cosby.<\/p>\n<p id=\"story-continues-4\" class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"403\" data-total-count=\"3835\">While Mr. Cosby described encounters with many women through the course of his deposition, it is through his long and detailed descriptions of his relationship with Ms. Constand, who is much younger, that Mr. Cosby\u2019s attitudes, proclivities and approach to women are most clearly revealed. Ms. Constand was present for at least some of Mr. Cosby\u2019s testimony in the Rittenhouse Hotel in Philadelphia.<\/p>\n<p id=\"story-continues-5\" class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"19\" data-total-count=\"3854\"><strong>An Interest Piqued<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"214\" data-total-count=\"4068\">First spotting her at Temple University in the early 2000s, Mr. Cosby said he felt romantic interest immediately (\u201cShe\u2019s good-looking\u201d), and began a relationship that led, in his telling, to dinners and more.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"193\" data-total-count=\"4261\">Asked how he wooed her, Mr. Cosby, who has been married since 1964, responded: \u201cInviting her to my house, talking to her about personal situations dealing with her life, growth, education.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"story-continues-6\" class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"193\" data-total-count=\"4454\">He painted his relationship with Ms. Constand as one of mentor and mentee, casting himself in the role of an experienced guide and offering her the benefit of his contacts, fame and experience.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"363\" data-total-count=\"4817\">At times he described becoming frustrated after Ms. Constand failed to follow his advice, such as when he wanted her to pursue her interest in sports broadcasting by calling someone and she did not. \u201cHere\u2019s a mentor,<a class=\"meta-per\" title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/movies.nytimes.com\/person\/85992\/Bill-Cosby?inline=nyt-per\">Bill Cosby<\/a>, who is in the business, Bill Cosby, who happens to know something about what to do and Andrea is not picking up on it,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"152\" data-total-count=\"4969\">Ms. Constand ultimately went to the police to complain of Mr. Cosby\u2019s behavior, but in his telling, his seduction was one of persistence and patience.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"435\" data-total-count=\"5404\">Early on in his courtship, he arranged an intimate meal alone with her at his Pennsylvania home, complete with Cognac, dimmed lights and a fire, he said. At one point he led her to his back porch, out of sight from his chef. \u201cI take her hair and I pull it back and I have her face like this,\u201d he said. \u201cAnd I\u2019m talking to her &#8230;And I talked to her about relaxing, being strong. And I said to her, come in, meaning her body.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"285\" data-total-count=\"5689\">But the two remained inches apart, he said, and he did not try to kiss her because he did not sense she wanted him to. Nevertheless, at the next dinner he said they had what he described as a \u201csexual moment,\u201d short of intercourse. He described her afterward as having \u201ca glow.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"464\" data-total-count=\"6153\">Expounding on his philosophy about sex, Mr. Cosby said he tended to refrain from intercourse because he did not want women to fall in love with him. To him, he said, the act of sexual intercourse \u201cis something that I feel the woman will succumb to more of a romance and more of a feeling, not love, but it\u2019s deeper than a playful situation.\u201d As far as he and Ms. Constand went, he said, they were \u201cplaying sex, we\u2019re playing, petting, we\u2019re playing.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"34\" data-total-count=\"6187\">Was he in love with her? \u201cNo.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"145\" data-total-count=\"6332\">Yet the association endured for a few years, until one night at his Pennsylvania home, when Ms. Constand said Mr. Cosby drugged and molested her.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"media-100000003809144\" class=\"media photo embedded layout-small-horizontal media-100000003809144 ratio-tall\" data-media-action=\"modal\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Photo<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"image\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"media-viewer-candidate\" src=\"http:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/07\/20\/arts\/19artsbeat-constand\/19artsbeat-constand-master315.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-mediaviewer-src=\"http:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/07\/20\/arts\/19artsbeat-constand\/19artsbeat-constand-superJumbo.jpg\" data-mediaviewer-caption=\"Andrea Constand, pictured in 1987, in Toronto.\" data-mediaviewer-credit=\"Ron Bull\/The Toronto Star, via The Canadian Press, via Associated Press\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"media-action-overlay\"><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"caption\"><span class=\"caption-text\">Andrea Constand, pictured in 1987, in Toronto.<\/span><span class=\"credit\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Credit<\/span>Ron Bull\/The Toronto Star, via The Canadian Press, via Associated Press<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"179\" data-total-count=\"6511\">Mr. Cosby said he gave her one and a half tablets of Benadryl to relieve stress, they kissed and had sexual contact. Her lawyer said she believed it was a much more powerful drug.<\/p>\n<p id=\"story-continues-7\" class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"263\" data-total-count=\"6774\">Some time later, after Ms. Constand had moved home to Canada, Mr. Cosby spoke with Ms. Constand\u2019s mother on the telephone. The mother, he said, was upset about what her daughter said Mr. Cosby had done, describing the experience as \u201ca mother\u2019s nightmare.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"115\" data-total-count=\"6889\">In the deposition, he said he was worried that Ms. Constand\u2019s mother would think of him as a \u201cdirty old man.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"163\" data-total-count=\"7052\">During the call, Mr. Cosby told the deposing lawyers, he wanted Ms. Constand to tell her mother \u201cabout the orgasm\u201d so that she would realize it was consensual.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"104\" data-total-count=\"7156\">\u201cTell your mother about the orgasm. Tell your mother how we talked,\u201d he said he remembered thinking.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"314\" data-total-count=\"7470\">Subsequently, concerned that Ms. Constand and her mother might seek to embarrass him, he said he offered to help pay for Ms. Constand\u2019s further education. Years earlier, he offered to reward another woman, Therese Serignese, whom he had met at the Las Vegas Hilton in 1976, with money as a bonus for good grades.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"19\" data-total-count=\"7489\"><strong>Hiding His Behavior<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"story-continues-8\" class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"297\" data-total-count=\"7786\">It is difficult to say to what extent <a title=\"A profile of Mrs. Cosby.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/01\/20\/business\/media\/well-before-scandals-cosbys-wife-faulted-media-treatment-of-blacks.html\">Mr. Cosby\u2019s wife, Camille<\/a>, was aware of her husband\u2019s womanizing, though it was certainly clear to her by 1997, when Mr. Cosby acknowledged an affair. Mrs. Cosby suggested at the time that there had been marital problems but they had put them behind them.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"marginalia comments-marginalia  selected-comment-marginalia\" data-marginalia-type=\"sprinkled\" data-skip-to-para-id=\"story-continues-9\">\n<div class=\"comments-view\"><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<p id=\"story-continues-9\" class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"233\" data-total-count=\"8019\">Still, in the deposition, Mr. Cosby, 78, described going to some lengths to hide his behavior, blocking a magazine article to avoid publicity and funneling money to one woman through his agent so \u201cMrs. Cosby\u201d wouldn\u2019t find out.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"326\" data-total-count=\"8345\">In the case of Ms. Constand, who never sought any funds, Mr. Cosby said he imagined his wife would have known he was helping with her education. But, he said, \u201cMy wife would not know it was because Andrea and I had had sex and that Andrea was now very, very upset and that she decided that she would like to go to school.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"175\" data-total-count=\"8520\">While Mr. Cosby insisted the only drug he had given Ms. Constand was Benadryl, he was open about his access in the 1970s to quaaludes, a sedative also popular as a party drug.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"media-100000003807805\" class=\"media photo embedded has-adjacency layout-large-horizontal media-100000003807805 ratio-tall\" data-media-action=\"modal\">\n<div class=\"image\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"media-viewer-candidate\" src=\"http:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/07\/19\/business\/19cosby-JP-02\/19cosby-JP-02-articleLarge.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-mediaviewer-src=\"http:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/07\/19\/business\/19cosby-JP-02\/19cosby-JP-02-superJumbo.jpg\" data-mediaviewer-caption=\"Mr. Cosby performing in Florida in November.\" data-mediaviewer-credit=\"Phelan M. Ebenhack\/Associated Press\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"media-action-overlay\"><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"caption\"><span class=\"caption-text\">Mr. Cosby performing in Florida in November.<\/span> <span class=\"credit\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Credit<\/span>Phelan M. Ebenhack\/Associated Press<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"162\" data-total-count=\"8682\">He said he obtained seven prescriptions for them over two to three years from a doctor in Los Angeles, ostensibly for a sore back but in reality to give to women.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"149\" data-total-count=\"8831\">He admitted to giving young women quaaludes at that time \u201cthe same as a person would say have a drink,\u201d he said, but not without their knowledge.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"224\" data-total-count=\"9055\">Though he portrayed the drug-taking and sex as consensual, Mr. Cosby \u2014 when asked whether Ms. Serignese was in a position to consent to sexual intercourse after he gave her quaaludes in 1976 \u2014 said: \u201cI don\u2019t know.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"265\" data-total-count=\"9320\">Joseph Cammarata, a lawyer for Ms. Serignese and two other women who are suing Mr. Cosby for defamation, said of the deposition: \u201cThis information is important because it sheds light on the private practices of a man who holds himself out as a public moralist.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"17\" data-total-count=\"9337\"><strong>A Life of Wealth<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"177\" data-total-count=\"9514\">During the questioning, Mr. Cosby cast himself as a sensitive and attentive supporter of Ms. Constand, though his tone changed when addressing Ms. Constand in the present tense.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad-placeholder nocontent robots-nocontent\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"story-continues-10\" class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"217\" data-total-count=\"9731\">Asked by Ms. Constand\u2019s lawyer about how he felt when Ms. Constand cried during her own deposition, Mr. Cosby was unsparing: \u201cI think Andrea is a liar and I know she\u2019s a liar because I was there. I was there.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"205\" data-total-count=\"9936\">And he could be dispassionate in recalling former relationships. With a woman named Beth Ferrier, a model he met in the 1980s, he recalled inquiring after her career and her father, who had died of cancer.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"108\" data-total-count=\"10044\">\u201cDid you ask her those questions because you wanted to have sexual contact with her?\u201d Ms. Troiani asked.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"31\" data-total-count=\"10075\">\u201cYes,\u201d Mr. Cosby responded.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"155\" data-total-count=\"10230\">Still, he said he viewed himself as a good person, worthy of trust, and chivalrous in his desire to never tell others about the women with whom he had sex.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"112\" data-total-count=\"10342\">\u201cI am a man, the only way you will hear about who I had sex with is from the person I had it with,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p id=\"story-continues-11\" class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"348\" data-total-count=\"10690\">In some passages, Mr. Cosby offered a glimpse into a life long insulated by perks and wealth. Some idiosyncrasies are revealed, like his penchant for sweatpants (he had at least 100, he said), how he used the name Seymour Rapaport as an alias in the 1970s and 1980s when he traveled, and how many of his employees signed confidentiality agreements.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"274\" data-total-count=\"10964\">In the deposition, Mr. Cosby described sexual liaisons \u2014 he sometimes calls them rendezvous \u2014 with at least five women, and having a \u201cromantic\u201d interest in two more, in locations like Denver, Las Vegas and New York and Pennsylvania, in hotels or in one of his homes.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"445\" data-total-count=\"11409\">In the court case, 13 women came forward with anonymous sworn statements to support Ms. Constand, saying that they, too, had been molested in some way by Mr. Cosby. But they never had a chance to pursue their claims in court because, six months after the fourth and final day of his deposition, Mr. Cosby settled the case with Ms. Constand on undisclosed terms. His deposition was filed away, another document in a settled court case, until now.<\/p>\n<footer class=\"story-footer story-content\">\n<div class=\"story-meta\">\n<div class=\"story-notes\">\n<p>Serge F. Kovaleski and Lorne Manly contributed reporting.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/footer>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bill Cosby, in Deposition, Said Drugs and Fame Helped Him Seduce Women By GRAHAM BOWLEY and SYDNEY EMBER The New York Times He was not above seducing a young model by showing interest in her father\u2019s cancer. He promised other &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/?p=18193\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18193"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18193\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}